A Full-Spectrum Approach to Climate Finance

September 09, 2025
By Koko Warner and Michael Franczak

Penn International Climate Observatory Project Director Koko Warner and former Perry World House Postdoctoral Fellow Michael Franczak recently wrote a submission for COP30 that has been submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

In the paper, Warner and Franczak outline five strategic priorities for operationalizing the Baku to Belém Roadmap: “reforming multilateral development bank approaches to risk-sharing and domestic anchoring; using concessional finance to de-risk large-scale private investment; aligning fiscal and monetary policy to support energy and resilience transitions; improving market architecture to shift risk perceptions and reduce capital costs; and strengthening regulatory frameworks.”

Download and read the paper by clicking below.